Edgar Allen Poe Essay example -- Authors Writers Essays

Edgar Allen Poe Edgar Allen Poe is a writer of the 1800’s. He has written many classics and has a unique style. Edgar fits into a gothic romance style that was prevalent at the time of his writing. Science at the time was making leaps and bounds and often scientists were immoral and hypocritical. This is reflected in Edgar’s sonnet to science were science has been destroying all that Edgar finds wonderful in the world. Edgar has a tough life with many losses which is also reflected in his writing and the sonnet to science. To understand Edgar and his writing you have to know his history and the history of his time, that is the goal of this paper. Death of important women in Edgar Allan Poe’s life dominates much of his writing and his thinking. If you understand that Edgar lost all four of the important women in his life you see why he has an obsession with death in his writings and why he has such a fear of it. Along with the fear of death is the fear that his dreams and imagination may also be killed. Much of his happiness is killed by the deaths of loved ones and with the death of his happiness so do his dreams die. Edgar’s life is full of sadness, which is why his writing is so dark as apparent in this poem. The dying of his dreams and conflict with science as another way in which what he loves is being killed is inline with Poe’s other writings that more directly deal with the sadness and darkness in his life. Edgar Allan Poe was a controversial writer during his time; his writings were counter culture and tried to challenge the morals of the public and defiance against modernity. Poe wrote shocking and satirical tales to challenge the readers. He wanted people to be shocked an... ...dities and stories that must be deciphered by logic. Poe wanted to challenge readers and the world’s ideas. Poe is and was a controversial writer. His writing influences modern writers and his influence can be seen in post modernism and modernism. Both styles tend to be challenges to the world and question the world. Edgar Allan poet is one of the greatest writers in American history and will continue to influence generations of writers with his style and legacy of challenging the status quoi. References http://bau2.uibk.ac.at/sg/poe/works/poetry/science.html http://www.press.jhu.edu/books/hopkins_guide_to_literary_theory/entries/edgar_allan_poe.html http://www.umm.edu/news/releases/news-releases-17.html http://guweb2.gonzaga.edu/faculty/campbell/enl311/poenotes.html http://www.poedecoder.com/Qrisse/biosummary.html

Analysis of the Story Doctor in the House Essay

The story to be analyzed is entitled â€Å"Doctor in the house† written by Richard Gordon. He also wrote several novels and screenplays dealing with practice of medicine. The extract is about passing oral and written exams on medicine. The author describes the way how the main character passed his examinations. He considered it to be death. A lot of images can be found in the text. They create atmosphere of a contest, a court, musical playing. The author emphasizes the inevitability of meeting Secretary to hear the sentence†¦ In 1952, he left medical practice and took up writing full time. He has an uncredited role as an anesthesiologist in the movie Doctor in the House. The early Doctor novels, set in the fictitious St Swithin’s, a teaching hospital in London, were initially witty and apparently autobiographical; later books included more sexual innuendo and farce. The novels were very successful in Britain in Penguin paperback during the 1960s and 1970s. Richard Gordon also contributed to Punch magazine and has published books on medicine, gardening, fishing and cricket. The film adaptation of Doctor in the House was released in 1954, two years after the book, while Doctor at Sea came out the following year with Brigitte Bardot. Dirk Bogarde starred as Dr. Simon Sparrow in both. The later spin-off TV series were often written by well-known British comic performers. Doctor in the House begins with the lead protagonist getting into a fictional medical college in London, St. Swithins. He collects a handful of faithful friends, including Grimsdyke, whose main aim to remain an eternal student as his aunt has left a large legacy in his name, for the duration of his course (as the funds will cease once he qualifies, he prefers to fail every examination). The book goes through the trials and tribulations of their college lives-sports, studies, spats with teachers and love affairs. Snippets like using a human skull as an ash-tray and trying to weasel out of tight situations in examinations will strike a chord not only in every doctor and medical student, but also in anyone who has ever attempted an examination! In one of my favourite incidents, Simon (the hero) is asked to check a patient’s eyes with an ophthalmoscope. He says ’’I always intended to find out how this thing worked, but never got around to doing it’’ Further, on checking the patient’s eyes, his comment was that ’’it looked like fishes swimming in an aquarium full of murky water.’’ Luckily for him, he was able to wriggle out of the situation by a simple trick, and eventually passed the examination! The book is full of incidents like that, and will keep you laughing page after page. When I finished the book, I felt a vague disappointment that it was over so soon! There is a little flirting, but nothing that even an adolescent reader’s mother would censor. Hindi films are a lot worse!! So if you havent been exposed to Richard Gordon yet, this is a good time to start. This is the original book in the Doctor in the House series and deals with his medical training. The Doctor books were written as memoirs, a fiction continued by the author and main character’s name being the same. In reality, Dr. Richard Gordon Dr. Gordon Ostlere, a highly-qualified surgeon and anaethetist and contemporary of my uncle who was a reknowned anaethestist himself – but I didn’t know that at the time. Humourous stories of young doctors at medical school. A series of films were based on the Doctor books, and a television series as well. This one was first published in 1952. Product Description Richard Gordon’s acceptance into St Swithan’s medical school came as no surprise to anyone, least of all him – after all, he had been to public school, played first XV rugby, and his father was, let’s face it, ‘a St Swithan’s man’. Surely he was set for life. It was rather a shock then to discover that, once there, he would actually have to work, and quite hard. Fortunately for Richard Gordon, life proved not to be all dissection and textbooks after all†¦This hilarious hospital comedy is perfect reading for anyone who’s ever wondered exactly what medical students get up to in their training. Just don’t read it on your way to the doctor’s! About the Author Richard Gordon is best-known for his hilarious ‘Doctor’ books and the long-running television series they inspired. Himself a qualified doctor, he worked as an anaesthetist, ship’s surgeon and then as assistant editor of the British Medical Journal before leaving medical practice in 1952 to take up writing full time. Many of his books are based on these experiences in the medical profession and are all told with the rye wit and candid humour that have become his hallmark.

The Boy in the Striped Pajamas Compare and Contrast

Night and Boy in the Striped Pajamas Comparison Night by Elie Wiesel and the movie The Boy in the Striped Pajamas show two extremely interesting perspectives towards the Holocaust. Night was a non-fiction novel written by a Jewish boy who was in an actual concentration camp. The Boy in the Striped Pajamas was a movie based off of a fiction novel written by John Boyne that tells the story of a Nazi soldier’s son named Bruno that befriends a Jewish boy he meets at a nearby concentration camp.Within the two stories, there were differences in perspective, mood, and overall message. Because Elie and Bruno come from very different origins, their perspective in the stories are very different. Being taken out of his home and put through the terrors of a concentration camp, Elie and the other Jews involved saw Nazis as extremely horrid people. The Nazi soldiers were the antagonists in Night. However, in The Boy in the Striped Pajamas, Bruno and the rest of his family were Germans, even his father was a Nazi soldier.Bruno and his family throughout most of the story had no idea what the Nazis were doing to the Jews; they saw the Nazis as people helping their country. Not until the end of the movie did the family realize the terrible things the Nazis were doing to the Jews. Movies provide things like mood and tone that words in a book just can’t provide. In Night, Elie attempts to present his voice through his writing. But, when you don’t have the senses of sight and sound, it is difficult to understand the mood the writer is trying to portray.In the Boy in the Striped Pajamas, through the cinematography, music, and tone of the actors’ voices, you can easily distinct what the mood was. I believe that Night and The Boy in the Striped Pajamas each had their own message to share, and their messages had both similarities and differences. Elie Wiesel wrote the book to tell people about the terrifying and horrific events that took place in his life an d to try to prevent anything like the Holocaust from happening again.The Boy in the Striped Pajamas showed the importance of friendship and it provided a perspective that many people hadn’t thought about before. Viewers were exposed to what many Germans went through in finding out what happened to the Jews. Night and The Boy in the Striped Pajamas show two extremely interesting perspectives towards the Holocaust when it came to perspective, mood, and final message. Even though they have their differences, they still provided a story that teach people about the tragedy that happened during the Holocaust and humbles those people.

buy custom The Minoan and Mycenaean Civilizations essay

buy custom The Minoan and Mycenaean Civilizations essay During the development of Mesopotamia and Egyptian cultures, other cultures developed in Greece, Italy, Asia Minor coasts, in Cyprus, Crete, and the Cycladic Islands, and the Aegean Sea beaches (McNeese 56). However, the cultures that emerged to be the most developed are Minoan and Mycenaean cultures. These two civilizations were influenced by Asia and Egypt, but each civilization maintained their uniqueness. The Minoan civilization is the most ancient culture of the Aegean cultures; it grew among the Europe, Africa and Asia crossroads, and it was named after King Minos, who was the founder of the neighboring dynasty in 2000 BCE (Scarre, and Stefoff 25). The Mycenaean culture developed during the Late Bronze Age on the Mycenae Hill in Greece mainland; later, this culture became more powerful and rich, and replaced the Minoan civilization; they took control of the Minoan trade routes in Crete and Aegean Islands (McNeese 142). The Mycenaean had a unique way of life, however, it was partly influenced by the Minoan style of life; this was because they produced pitchers which had Minoan elements, they also learnt metalwork, which was done by the Minoans and employed many Minoan workers and stayed with them for long periods (McNeese 169). This paper discusses similarities and differences between these two civilizations. Religion According to the inscriptions found in Mycenaean and Knossos cities, written in Linear B script on tablets, the Mycenaean worshiped gods. The names of the gods were Posedone, the Greek god Poseidon, Atana, the Greek goddess Athena, Zeus, who appeared as Diuja and was identified as the god of sky (Dietrich 116). They also had other gods such as Marineus, Diwia, Komawenteia and Dirimijo, however, the Mycenaeans main god was Poseidon. The Mycenaean, believed in supernatural gods, they perceived these gods as unique and according to Mycenaean, their gods were not omnipotent, they did not know everything and were not found everywhere (Dietrich 213). However, their abilities were considered as greater than human power; they could foresee the future, as well as interfere with human actions. The Mycenaeans gods were also considered to have feeling, love and could fight just like human beings. The Minoan, like the Mycenaean, worshiped many gods, which were headed by one god; they worshiped a snake, a dove and other objects such as double axes, horns and bulls. All the gods were headed by the snake goddess, who was considered as a universal mother, goddess of crops, animals, sea, land, weather, fertility, birth and death. The goddess was also a source of food and brought curses and blessings to the people. However, according to Dietrich, the Minoan gods, contrary to the Mycenaean, had no human feelings, and they could not love and fight, but just like the Mycenaean, the Minoan gods were assumed to have greater power than human power, and they could foresee the future, as well as interfere with human actions (Dietrich 326). Unlike the Mycenaean, which had a male god, the Minoan had only female gods, and according to the researcher, the Minoan goddesses represented only one goddess. The religious worship for both Mycenaean and Minoan was held in temples, palaces, courtyards, houses, caves and mountain peaks. Architecture Mycenaean civilization had similar building and miniature designs to those from Mesopotamia. However, the building techniques were similar to those of Minoan; they sed post and beams in most of their constructions. The Mycenaean builders expressed their creativeness through developing and building new forms of building from the existing ones. The important structure among the Mycenaean and Minoans are the tholos tombs, palaces and residential houses. Tholos Tombs In the earlier years, Minoan buried the dead in cave; they changed this to cemeteries during the middle period, and this was also changed to rectangular burial structure. Each had a burial structure where it buried the dead; the structure was used for over hundred years, first, they buried in the ground, and the bones were later transferred to the tombs (McNeese 148). The most common burial structure among the Minoan was the tholos; this was a circular stone tomb built in a hill slope or the ground, and designed with a dome shape with 4-13 meters diameter and a thickness of 0.7-2.5 meters. An example of tholos is Tholos A, a tomb that was found in the Phourni cemetery; it had a long entrance corridor, and the inside wall was coated with stone (McNeese 154). The lintel of the entrance was positioned at the ground level, and beneath the lintel was a grave. The tholos tombs of the Mycenaean, like the Minoan tholos, were built in hills, and had a dome shape; the royal family members were buried in these tombs. According to McNeese, the tholos structures of the Mycenaean were influenced by the smaller tholos of Minoan civilization; initially they were built in gravel, however, with time, they started building them in ashlar stones (McNeese 159). An example of the Mycenaean tholos was the Minyas treasury house and Atreus treasury house found in Greece, the ground plan of these tholos resembled that of the Minoan tholos. Palaces Like the Minoan, the Mycenaean architecture emphasized more on the palaces than temples. However, a Mycenaean palace looked more like a fortress while a Minoan palace looked like a labyrinth. The fortification was because of the foreign invasions, and its outline was based on the topography with the outline of the walls following the natural site contour, thus creating a barrier for invaders (Ireland 104). The example of the fortification architecture can be found in Tiryns and Mycenae. The Mycenaean palace was laid along a tough axis, and was built as a one-story building with walls surrounded by massive stones; this was different from the palaces of the Minoan, which were built as two-story structures (Ireland 316). The Mycenaean and Minoan had similar inside walls; they were plastered, and then decorated with frescoes. In the Minoan palace the focus was placed more on the large inner courtyard, while the in the Mycenaean palace the emphasis was put on the megaron; the megaron was considered as a center for worship and was used for the coronation and. The megaron in the Minoan palace did not receive much attention but was used for ceremonial purposes; it had a round hearth, with a quadratic plan of four columns, which supported the ceiling with an opening for smoke (McNeese 246). The megaron in both Mycenaean and Minoan civilization had corridors, which sometimes opened to additional rooms. Residential Buildings The Minoan residential houses were designed as urban houses; most of them were one-story, but there were also two and three-story. This was a contrast to the Mycenaean hhouses, which were built in a shape like that of a megaron; the entrance of the house was shaped like a deep portico with lines leading to the central door that lead into the residence (Ireland 209). The house back was designed as an apse, it had a half-circle shaped base; however, it was mostly rectangular in shape. The residential houses of the two civilizations were different in design, but the building materials were similar; the walls of these houses were built of gravel or stone, and the upper section was built of mud, and the ceiling was made of wood (McNeese 215). The Cities Most of the Minoan cities were built on the coastline; they had irregular plans, with almost all of them being built with blocks, and the streets were paved, the cities also had drainage channels (McNeese 523). These cities, which included most cities of Crete were grouped around the palace or the market area, and, palaces dominated Minoan cities as well as Mycenaean cities . An example of Minoan cities is Knossos, which was also a palace, this city had an irregular plan, and it was surrounded by residential houses of the upper class, with a narrow alley separating them (Scarre, Stefoff 36). The Mycenaean cities, unlike the Minoan cities which were build on the coastline, were built on the hill steep or on acropolis, which are high plains. Bussagli, highlights that the Mycenaeans associated hills with status; the palace was the highest point. The Mycenaean cities, unlike the Minoan cities, had fortifications except for Tiryns and Mycenae; the fortified cities looked majestic with an array of courtyards, rooms positioned on one axis and staircases (Bussagli 69). The city of Tiryns is an example of Mycenaean cities; this city is situated on the southeast of Mycenae, and was built on a cliff that towered the plane of Argolis. The terrain of this city rises from north to south with the kings palace at the highest point. Language The Minoan civilization had many languages; the Minoan used a primitive hieroglyphic script during the Prepalatial period. According to Kristiansen and Larsson, later, during the Protopalatial period, they developed Linear A language, which they continued to use in the Neopalatial period; this language featured many symbols, and each symbol represented a number, a word or a syllable. Linear A was used in some religious functions as well as in record keeping (Kristiansen, Larsson 407). The Mycenaeans language was different from the Minoan; they conquered the Minoan and replaced Linear A with Linear B, which later evolved as the Modern Greek language. Conclusion The Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations developed in different ways, lived in different times, but they have some similarities. The Mycenaean civilization customs, architecture, and the way of life were influenced by the Minoan civilization. The influence came after the Mycenaean defeated the Minoan; they lived and used Minoan workers over a long time, and this influenced their religion, their burial customs and the way they built their structures. As we have seen above their burial structures the tholos were similar, and the way they built their palaces was also similar. The two civilizations worshiped many gods, but the Minoan had only female gods. The similarities and differences show that although, Mycenaeans way of life was influenced by the Minoan, they still maintained their uniqueness. 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Study of the key elements of the new right ideology and the conservative approach to welfare The WritePass Journal

Study of the key elements of the new right ideology and the conservative approach to welfare Introduction Study of the key elements of the new right ideology and the conservative approach to welfare IntroductionBibliography;Related Introduction â€Å"Recent news from a government white paper released on the 10th of November 2010 states that,   Today, five million people are on out-of-work benefits in the UK, and 1.4 million of them have been receiving out-of-work benefits for nine out of the last ten years. Not only have that, but we now have one of the highest rates of workless households in Europe, with 1.9 million children living in homes where no one has a job†. (official-documents.gov.uk/document/cm79/7957/7957.pdf) The welfare state of the past has been accused of creating a ‘welfare dependency culture’. Therefore this essay aims at outlining the key elements of the ‘New Rights’ ideology by exploring the theories, values, beliefs and mainly their attitudes towards the welfare state. Following with a critical examination of the relationship these views had in the development of a ‘New’ style of conservative approach to welfare. In order to explore the correlation of conservative and ‘New Right’ perspectives the first ever woman prime minister Margaret Thatcher of the conservative government is briefly mentioned to perceive a better understanding of how the ‘New Rights’ ideologies   influenced the decisions made. The key elements and values of the New Right’s ideology were developed in the early eighties and took a pessimistic view of human nature and the nature of society, a belief in natural inequality, a belief in the inevitability and desirability of political and economic inequality combined with the equality of opportunity.They were ideologically committed to neo-liberalism as well as being socially conservative. Key policies included deregulation of business, a dismantling of the welfare state, privatization of nationalized industries and restructuring of the national workforce in order to increase industrial and economic flexibility in an increasingly global market. (Lund.2002). Many theorists of recent ‘Neo Liberal’  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   draw directly on the writings of Hayek, who had been consistently developing the case for market liberalism. (Alcock, 2003) Libertarian conservatives or neo-Liberals have adopted liberal ideas, and those from this perspective are commonly referred to as ‘New Right’. Theorists of the new Right such as C.Murray argue that the welfare state creates a ‘Culture of Dependency’ eradicating independence, self help and individual responsibility. Murray went further to add that welfare state is the major cause of family breakdown as it stops women being dependant on men to earn their living, thus leaving the creation of the underclass amongst single women and fatherless children. (Murray 1990). Hence, there is a complete contrast in the belief of the paternalistic Conservative Tradition that believes in social duty and obligation whereas the New Right stresses self help to the state. Supporters of the neo-liberal elements of New Right ideology argued that a greater emphasis on individualism especially in economic affairs was necessary to secure greater economic efficiency which ultimately would generate rising living standards for all (Lund 2002). Therefore nationalised industries were to be privatised as a means of securing greater reliance on the market mechanism; rates of income taxation were to be reduced in order to increase incentives; rates of unemployment benefit were to be reduced in order to increase self –reliance and restrict the growth of the so-called welfare-dependent underclass; trade union power was to be reduced and Keynesian policies were to be discarded and the goal of full employment encouraged. (Lund, 2002.George and Wilding.1994). Furthermore, as individual responsibility is fundamental of the New Right’s ideology on human behaviour, according to George and Wilding (1994; pg 22)  Ã‚   â€Å"Individuals are seen to need clear incentives for good behaviour and punishment for failure. Risk and uncertainty are the real danger of failure it is necessary to human and social functioning†. The New Right‘s assumption of individual responsibility is that of looking after the family first, being self interested and obtaining personal acquisition of wealth. The idea being that people are naturally individualistic in their inspirations and that they respond to the expectation and possibility of individual recompense. However, New Rights view on human nature as rational and self seeking is in contrast with the view of traditional conservatisms mistrust of human reason. In addition, the New Right state the realism of human nature is that uncertainty, risk and failure are clear inducements for individuals to behave appropriately. As Pratt (2001:35) made clear â€Å"the Individual pursuit of self interest only makes sense if individuals act rationally †¦ For if individuals do not always behave in a rational fashion in all circumstances, what should we conclude about the nature of the outcomes of such behaviour†. Other fundamental values of the New Right include freedom (negative) as the most desirable value; described as a freedom to act without any coercion. As Thatcher notably said â€Å"There is no such thing as society, only individuals and families†. (George and Wilding 1994).Which again links back to freedom and individual responsibility of creating your own opportunities. The anti state, pro market ideology of the ‘New Right’ gained spectacular support in the 70’s and 80’s. With many observers contributing their own information at that time made the ‘New Right’   ‘New’. On the other hand, it can be said that the ‘New Right’ in fact wasn’t that ‘New’ it was clearly trying to adopt the ideas and broader perspectives of the classical nineteenth century â€Å"laissez- faire† liberalism. However, it could also be argued that the neo-liberal policies and led to a decline in working class communities in inner city areas and mining communities and   have resulted in the declining quality of family life, declining support for traditional social disorder all of which are abhorred by neo-Conservatives (Alcock 2003). Furthermore, the main plank of neo liberal thinking on welfare is its opposition to extensive state intervention to provide public services, in effect, opposition to the very ‘idea of a welfare state. The welfare state is undesirable, Neo Liberals argue, on economic, ideological and political grounds and also because it is undesirable in theory, it is unworkable in practise. (Alcock; 2003 pg 199). According to Hayek and Friedman, left to their own devices the market over state would naturally protect individuals. Therefore it can be seen that the New right believe that the idea of social inequality should be treated by individuals and the state should limit its help or as Thatcher put it â€Å"Roll Back the State† (Alcock 2003). Quasi markets or welfare ‘mix’ is a very important element of the conservative approach to welfare. One of the most significant examples of this was the distinction of ‘purchaser’ and ‘provider’ within the NHS. Spending cuts, increase in dental charges, large increase of prescription charges and a system of competitive tendering for support services was set up. (Lund 2002). According to Bartlett and Le Grande, (1993; 10) cited in Lund. â€Å"Quasi markets are markets because they replace monopolistic state providers with competitive independent ones but they are ‘quasi’ because they differ from conventional markets in a number of key ways†. Once in power Mrs Thatcher along with New Right Conservatives argued that the private sector is the fundamental source of economic growth and that One Nation Conservatives and labour governments undermined its efficiency of the capitalist economy (Page and Silburn 1999). In the United Kingdom, New Right more specifically refers to a strand of conservatism that the likes of Margaret Thatcher influenced. Again Thatcher’s work was highly influenced by the work of Freidrich Hayek.   â€Å".. The most powerful critique of socialist planning and the socialist state which I read at this time [the late 1940s], and to which I have returned so often since [is] F. A. Hayek’s The Road to Serfdom† (British Prime Minister, 1979-1990 Margaret Thatcher 1995; 50). One of the primary aims of the Thatcher government was to reduce the provision of welfare services. For instance, the selling of council houses (the right to buy scheme) was introduced under the 1980’s Housing Act, in return this would ideally make people more responsible for their own property and paying for their own repairs would stimulate the market.(Gerry Mooney cited in Pratt 2001) The 1970s saw the growing significance of New Right conservative thinking and Mrs Thatcher’s version of New Right ideology has involved a combination of neo-liberal and neo-Conservative ideology in that as well as accepting the importance of the market mechanism she and her supporters have believed that a strong state would be necessary to re-establish law and order, to maintain law and order in the face of significant industrial disputes such as the miners’ strike of 1984 -85, in the provision of state education which was believed to be failing to meet the needs of the capitalist economy. Consequently Andrew Gamble has argued, very importantly, that Mrs Thatcher’s beliefs may be summarised as involving a belief in the free economy and the strong state. (Gamble 1993). Furthermore, Mrs Thatcher also believed that it was necessary to strengthen the private sector through the privatisation of previously nationalised industries, therefore implying that she rejected all of the arguments which socialists have traditionally used in support of public ownership. She further emphasised the conservative belief in private property by encouraging individuals to buy shares in privatised industries and as mentioned previously by enabling council house tenants to purchase their council houses at a reduced rate, which alone can guarantee rising living standards for all (Gamble 1993). Hence,  Ã‚   â€Å"Wage demands from trade unions, according to monetarist doctrine, do not by themselves raise or lower the rate of inflation and the involvement of unions in discussions about general economic policy are entirely unnecessary â€Å"(Gamble.1993; 244). However, there are some disputes within conservatism in that, within a capitalist system traditional institutions should be respected and the state should play a significant role in the management of gradual social change. Whereas the New Right adopts a more radical and less traditional approach to social change in which the role of the government should be more limited. (George and Wilding 1994).   Currently the coalition Government are planning a welfare reform, in an interview with Andrew Mars from the BBC David Cameron was asked his intentions with the welfare state for the future,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   † If you take welfare reform, what we are putting forward is the most radical reform of the welfare state since Beveridge for sort of 60 years. I think it will have a transformative effect on making sure that everyone is better off in work and better off working rather than on benefits. And thats a great thing we can do for our cou ntry and for the very poorest people in our country too†. (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/andrew_marr_show/9055402.stm). In Conclusion, as it has been shown Liberalism and Conservatism have a strong correlation in their values, theories and overall dubious attitudes towards the welfare state. In respect of their relationship their ideas had in the development of a new style conservative approach to welfare, it is evident that the ‘New Right’ sees individual responsibility and limited interference from the state as their major targets. A reoccurring theme of New Right ideology is that the Market should be neutral, left to run itself (laisze faire) and this should protect the individual from unsuitable living conditions. As Page and Silburn(1999) quoted,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The main beneficiaries of the welfare state are the unemployed, long-term sick, families with dependent children and the elderly but such is the illogicality of the system that neo liberals argue is that it is difficult to distinguish the deserving Poor (who should be the concern of our altruistic sentiments) and the undes erving poor, who must be presented with an incentive structure that discourages them from becoming a welfare claimant†. Bibliography; Alcock, P. 2003. The student’s companion to social policy. Oxford; Blackwell publishing. BBC News, (2010). David Cameron.   Interview on the Andrew Mars Show. [Online] [Accessed on 20th November 2010] Available form World Wide Web.http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/andrew_marr_show/9055402.stm, 03/10/10 Gamble, A. (1994) The Free Economy and the Strong State; The politics of Thatcherism, 2nd Edition. Basingstoke: Macmillan. George, V.and Wilding, P. (1994). Welfare and Ideology. Hertfordshire; Harvester Wheatsheaf. Hayek, F.A. (1994) The Road to Serfdom. London: Routledge. Lund, B. (2002) Understanding State Welfare: Social Justice or Social Inclusion? London: Sage. Margaret, Thatcher. 1995.  The Path to Power, New York:   Harper Collins Margaret Thatcher (British Prime Minister, 1979-1990 Margaret Thatcher 1995; 50) Murray, C. (1990) The Emerging British Underclass.   London: IEA Health and Welfare Unit Page, R. M.   And Silburn, R. (1999) British Social Welfare in The twentieth Century. Hampshire: Palgrave. Pratt, A.   And Lavalette, M.   (2001). Social Policy: A Conceptual and Theoretical Introduction. London: Sage. White Paper.(2010).Great Britain. Government Department. Universal Credit. A Welfare That works. London. CM 7957. (official-documents.gov.uk/document/cm79/7957/7957.pdf)

Analysis of the Link between Violence in Media and Positive Behavior in Children

Analysis of the Link between Violence in Media and Positive Behavior in Children Argument Analysis: A Closer Look at Violent Media The article â€Å"Violent Media is Good for Kids† by Gerad Jones argues that violent media can have positive effects on children. Violent media, much like the title already states, can be good for children. Jones gears his paper to an audience of parents, educators, or other adults that generally think violent media is harmful and has negative effects on children. Throughout the paper, Jones discusses success stories of children he has personally worked with. Violent media is often thought of as deleterious to children. Gerad Jones however, an acclaimed comic book author, begs to differ. Jones’s use of emotional persuasion, diction and establishment of credibility allows him to successfully convince those that believe violent media is harmful to children that violent media does in fact have positive effects on children. Jones is successful in using diction to create an emotional appeal, which ultimately benefits his argument that violent media is good for kids. Jones begins his article with a narrative on his more formative years as a young boy. Jones explains how his parents believed violent mediums were harmful to children, much like the members of his audience. The narrative continues on explaining that the lack of violent mediums in Jones’s life made him hide his â€Å"deepest fears and desires under a nice-boy persona† (par. 1) because his parents â€Å"built a wall between [him] and the crudest elements of American pop culture† (par. 1). The beginning of Jones’s narrative employs a strong use of pathos to connect emotionally with his audience. A sense of sadness is conjured when reading that Jones covered up his true feelings under â€Å"a nice-boy persona.† It is generally agreed that young children should not cover up their feelings, but it is instead healt hier to show how you feel. Therefore reading that Jones hid his true feelings implies that as a 13-year-old boy, Jones was not in a healthy and happy state of mind, thus creating a feeling of sadness. The use of the word â€Å"wall† between Jones and violent media is also unsettling because of the images and connotations the word â€Å"wall† evokes. A wall implies isolation and imprisonment. The audience will view the word â€Å"wall† as Jones being confined against his own good, thus again creating a sense of sadness and pity for adolescent Gerad Jones. This emotional appeal successively forces the audience to re-think if isolating a child from violent media beneficial. In order for the audience to be receptive of Jones’s argument, Jones establishes his credibility by referencing appropriate sources and narrating his personal success stories. Jones cites a doctor of psychology, Melanie Moore, to support his claim that violent media is beneficial to children. Moore explains that feelings like â€Å"fear, greed, power-hunger, rage† (par. 7) are normal human aspects and they can be â€Å"experienced vicariously through stories of others† (par. 7) through violent media. Moore continues to argue â€Å"children need violent entertainment in order to explore the inescapable feelings that theyve been taught to deny† which ultimately results in a â€Å"more resilient self-hood† (par. 7). Referencing a doctor of psychology creates credibility for Jones’s argument because it is generally agreed that a doctor of psychology has vast knowledge and understanding of human emotions and things that can affect human emotions. Moore’s statements parallel Jones’s argument, thus making the argument that violent media is good for children more believable and credible. However, Moore is also Gerad’s research partner. This could cause Moore to have some inherent bias, which would lower the reliability of her statements. A lack of credibility in the argument would create a less receptive audience, thus making the argument unsuccessful. Although Moore is Gerad’s research partner, her statements are still valid, despite the possibility of inherent bias. Jones also increases his credibility by narrating a success story of violent media benefiting a child. It is important to note that Jones uses his personal success stories, which again, has some inherent bias. Jones would not use stories that go against his argument of violent media is good for children. Being able to pick and choose his own success stories decreases the validity of his statements. Nonetheless, they are still success st ories, and ultimately do increase Jones’s credibility. Jones goes on to explain how he helped a young girl positively channel her less conventional emotions and thoughts of violence. Jones â€Å"started helping her tell stories† that were â€Å"sometimes bloody, sometimes tender, always blending the images of pop culture with her most private fantasies.† Through working with Jones, the girl came out of it â€Å"more self-controlled and socially competent† (par. 12). This success story backs the argument that violent mediums can benefit children. The audience will cling on to the fact that the girl was able to better control her emotions through violent mediums because it is an example of how violent media can have positive effects. By Jones including a success story of how violent media has benefited a child he further establishes his argument’s credibility because he has evidence to support his claim. This article was written shortly after the Columbine shooting, where two high school students fired guns during school, causing a deadly massacre. Many adults believed it was violent media that drove these children to violence, so Gerad Jones’s article is controversial in the sense that many adults believed violent media could potentially cause another lethal massacre. However, Gerad Jones was successful in arguing that violent media is good for kids by connecting emotionally with the audience and establishing his credibility. Jones avoided discussing violent mediums that were more grotesque than comic books, like GTA, Halo, etc. It was wise of Jones to do this because his argument would not have been as well received had he began arguing that those forms of violent media were beneficial. Gerad Jones simply wanted to change the way people viewed violent media and for them to begin thinking about its beneficial possibilities. Getting that message across would have been more cha llenging using extreme violent media, which is why Jones stayed mainly with less gruesome violent media. By doing this, Jones is successful in the fact that audience members most likely re-evaluated their position of violent media for children and were able to understand its positive benefits.

Considering Cases Of Bankruptcy And Reorganisation Of A Partnership Essay

Considering Cases Of Bankruptcy And Reorganisation Of A Partnership - Essay Example Bankruptcy is usually a legally declaration of individuals or organizations inability to pay their creditors. This request is done by the creditors in order for them to recoup a fraction of what they are owed by an individual or an organization. However, bankruptcy can also be initiated by the individuals themselves or organization in case they feel that they are not capable of paying their debts. In simple words, an individual or an organization is insolvent or bankrupt if it cannot pay his debts or discharge his liabilities on the due date. The creditors or the debtors themselves may present a petition to the court that a receiving order should be made. For this case, Beren took the correct step of filing an involuntary petition with the court of law to declare their partnership bankrupt as indicated in chapter 7. Indeed the partnership had exceeded their estimate of purchasing and renovating the office building to a point of accumulating debts amounting to $380,000 against the $200,000 they had set aside for this and effort by Beren to convince other partners to seek additional funds bore no fruits. On the other had Elliot and Mannino objected to Beren's idea of involuntary bankruptcy under Chapter 7. ... Under Chapter 7, there is an alternative relief for the debtors to avoid the issue of their partnership being liquidated and continue doing it business. For this case the involuntary petition filed by Beren may not be granted by the court which was done against the wish of Elliot and Mannino. (U.S Courts, 2006) Elliot and Mannino should file a petition under chapter 11 of the bankruptcy code. The debtors may argue that they would pay the debts if the payment period is extended. They may also argue that they may have a comprehensive reorganization. 1 The main objective of bankruptcy is to give an honest individual a clean bill of life or a fresh start after discharging certain debts. Usually the there is no responsibility of liabilities already discharged on the side of the debtor. Question Two Explaining Whether the Bankruptcy Court Confirms the Debtor's Plan of Reorganization A voluntary petition was filed by Richard under chapter 11. He filed a reorganization plan that divided his creditors into three classes. The three classes were: administrative creditors which were to be paid in full; the second class were unsecured creditors which were to receive 50% on their claims and the third class was the IRS which was to receive $20,000 on confirmation and the balance in future payments. There was no creditor who voted to accept this arrangement and the unsecured creditors were impaired since their legal, equitable, and contractual rights were being altered. (http://www.uscourts.gov/bankruptcycourts/bankruptcybasics/chapter11.html) To keep the firm running, debtors propose a plan of reorganization in order for them to pay their creditors in a considerable period of time. A